Historically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often Politically or Spiritually Motivated Essay Example for Free

Historically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often Politically or Spiritually Motivated Essay Historically Australian art is often politically or spiritually motivated. This statement is proved by a number of indigenous Australian artists including, Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who uses traditional techniques and motives to relay her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who recontextualises mainstream items, to create a postmodern collection, challenging the idea of stereotypical representations in mainstream culture. All spiritual beliefs in Aboriginal culture relate back to the idea of creation and dreaming. The dreaming is the ongoing cultural and spiritual progression that informs identity and knowledge, which is expressed through traditional indigenous art. This reflects a spiritual connection to the land, which is represented by signs and symbols as well as other various techniques, which are unique to traditional indigenous art. Signs and symbols can represent a particular location, object or landmark, or a particular story or totem that would be specific to a particular tribe, corroboree or dreamtime story. In traditional indigenous artworks, there is no perspective or fixed vanishing points for landscape artworks because indigenous Australians do not see their environment as a landscape, but their particular world and universe. They create a concept of place by using signs and symbols to create a map-like artwork, which represents their particular ‘world’ and universe. Essentially, traditional indigenous Australian artists are painting their spirituality, by expressing their connection to the land through signs, symbols and their world. Nellie Nakamarra Marks is a traditional indigenous artist, from the east of Kintore in the Northern Territory. In her work Kalipinypa, there is no set pattern and everything is connected which suggests her spiritualty and connection with the land. Her use of the traditional form of dot painting for her particular area of the Central Desert Region symbolises her world as she sees it, and how she heard about it through stories. In the middle of the right hand side there is lack of colour, which could symbolise a particular place that has particular spiritual significance. The dark shapes also look like leaves, which could represent the end of season and the coming of autumn, which is supported by the deep, vibrant colours in the painting. The colours also represent her region and place in Australia. The many different varieties of the same shapes could symbolise diversity within their own tribe, as well as the different shapes and movements of the land. The purpose of this artwork is to educate and pass on a particular story to younger generations. Postmodern art challenges mainstream ideas, which usually creates a political or social statement about modern society. Contemporary indigenous art in particular would be classified as postmodern because the artists are communicating their feelings and thoughts about certain aspects of society in modern Australia, which in turn, challenges some pre conceived notions about indigenous Australians in today’s society. These particular works by Tony Albert are postmodern, because he recontextualises items from recent history, that were used to create an unrealistic connection between White Australia and indigenous Australia in the 50’s and 60’s, to challenge history, both politically and socially. Tony Albert’s collection recycles kitsch black velvet paintings produced in Australia in the 1950’s and 1960’s. These velvet paintings were very popular in the last fifty years as home decorations, and like many objects from this period, they were characterized by their depictions of Aboriginal people as simple folk. These ornaments enabled white Australians of the time to have a distant and unrealistic connection to indigenous people. Albert recontextualises these paintings by introducing stenciled slogans to the paintings to create a complex and identifiable character. He uses the languages of politics and pop culture to reconnect the artworks with modern Australia and therefore reality. These slogans reclaim the faces of the aboriginals, transferring them from helpless and cute, to bold and complex, which asserts a modern identity and sense of self. This makes the characters more personal, which then creates a connection between the viewer and the subject that is mimicked throughout the collection. The slogans are derived from pop songs, nursery rhymes, advertising, political speeches and life stories, which has launched these velvet paintings into a new identity, which enables the viewer to connect with the characters beyond a stereotyped context. The generic and common velvet paintings have become empowered and personalized, asserting a new sense of self, which makes this collection truly compelling. This collection by Tony Albert, addresses the issue of stereotypical representations of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. He challenges this present and historic issue of cultural alienation and displacement experienced by Indigenous Australians by appropriating slogans and recontextualising them to create a sense of lost identity and estrangement. Through the use of many different mediums, Aboriginal artists are motivated by their spirituality or political standpoint to produce art. This is shown by Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who is motivated by her connection to the land and her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who was trying to communicate the stereotypical views of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. Kalipinypa – NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm Kalipinypa – NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm.

The Economics of Despair :: essays research papers

Since the late 1970s, social science researchers, the media, private foundations, and policymakers have directed considerable attention to the labor market problems of young adults and their families. Most of this attention has focused on high school dropouts, the poor, minorities, and inner-city youth. But an equally troubling—and broader—problem has received comparatively less notice: the steep and sustained decline since 1973 in the real (inflation-adjusted) earnings of young men and women generally. Even adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the labor market problems of young workers are disproportionately severe—they include higher than average unemployment and relatively low earnings when employed. This sustained drop in earnings has been especially dramatic for young adults with no postsecondary school education. Most proposed remedies have emphasized the quality of the labor supply. But improving education and training, while often worthwhile and necessary, is not by itself sufficient to raise earnings. If this downward trend, which has persisted through recession and recovery alike, is to be reversed, then policymakers and educators must address the demand side as well as the supply side. Raising young adult wages will require not only better academic performance, training, apprenticeships, and school-to-work programs, but also full-employment policies, changes in the configuration of jobs and careers, and larger young adult union membership. Prior to 1973, the annual and weekly earnings of both young adults and older workers had been improving markedly. Between 1967 (the year the Bureau of Labor Statistics began tracking weekly earnings of wage and salary workers) and 1973, the real median weekly earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds rose by approx i mately 8 percent. Since 1973, however, the ea rnings of young adults have fallen almost continuously. Between 1973 and 1979, the weekly earnings of young men working full time fell by 7 percent. Young men experienced a 19 percent decline in earnings (a real value of $72 per week) between 1979 and 1989. This decline cannot be attributed solely to business cycle contractions. About half of the 19 percent decline did take place during the recessionary period of 1979-1982. But between 1982 and 1989, a period of strong overall job growth, the weekly earnings of young men fell by another $33, or 9 percent. Earnings declined still more between 1989 and 1994, dropping yet another 9 percent. The result of all this decline? A young man under 25 years of age employed full time in 1994 earned 31 percent less per week than what his same-aged counterpart earned in 1973.

Prop 34: the Death Penalty

The Death Penalty, also known as Capital Punishment is a world wide controversial issue. Should the death penalty be repealed and replaced with life imprisonment without possibility of parole? California voters on Tuesday rejected a ballot measure that would have repealed the state's death penalty. Supporters against Prop 34 claim that California is broke and taxpayers would pay at least $50,000 annually, giving lifetime healthcare and housing to killers who tortured, raped, and murdered children, cops, mothers and fathers. A yes on Prop. 4 states that no offenders would be sentenced to death under state law. Offenders who are currently under a sentence of death would be resentenced to life without the possibility of parole. The state would provide a total of $100 million in grants to local law enforcement agencies over the next four years. I strongly agree with a vote yes on Prop. 34. The death penalty isn’t an effective way to prevent or reduce a crime. Not only does this no t prevent future crimes and murders, but sometimes the death penalty is applied unfairly to innocent people.Evidence has shown that more than 100 innocent people have been sentenced to death in the United States and some have been executed. Prop. 34 means that the state of California will never execute an innocent person. Franky Carrillo was 16 when he was arrested and wrongly convicted of murder in Los Angeles; it took 20 years to show his innocence. Judge LaDoris Cordell, from Santa Clara said â€Å"If someone’s executed and later found innocent, we can’t go back. † I agree with this judge because what if later we find evidence that the offender is innocent there no way we can bring someone back to life.So then again who has the right to take the life of a human, when God is the one who decides when our time on earth has come to an end. Life without parole would be less expensive than the death penalty. California’s death penalty is too costly and is ha rdly used. Only 13 people have been executed since 1967 and no one since 2006. Prisoners are put to death row but die of old age before they make it to there punishment. We waste millions of tax dollars on special housing for these inmates, when they just sit around doing nothing.To me it makes more sense to keep a killer in a prison for the rest of his/her life until they die. An impartial study found California will save nearly $1 billion in five years if we replace the death penalty with life in prison without possibility of parole. The savings would come from eliminating lawyers’ fees and special death row housing. California is broke and Prop. 34 will save us money. We all know that killing another person is the most evil crime that one can commit.But it seems that our government is being hypocritical when it states that capital punishment is allowable because, after all, the criminal did murder an innocent victim, and therefore should be killed. This is known as the â⠂¬Å"eye for an eye, and tooth for a tooth theory. † Of course, if we used this system all the time, there would be no need for laws. The majority of countries in Western Europe, North America and South have abandoned capital punishment. Why is it that the United States remains a user of capital punishment?The death penalty is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. It denies criminals their natural born right to life. The death penalty should be abolished because it has never been shown to lower crime rates or stop serial killers from killing. It costs far more to execute a person than to keep him or her in prison for life. Capital punishment is against the humanity, we can find other alternatives to it. As Voltaire once said, â€Å"It is better to risk saving a guilty man than to condemn an innocent one. †

In This Class I Have Learned That Sociology Is Everywhere.

In this class I have learned that sociology is everywhere. I got a better understanding of how our life chances and shape by social structure and how it could have affected our self and society. We get understand where the people come from and understanding of behaviors and struggles of other people. We all watch movies right? Well in the movies they also replicate and show the understand of sociology even the movies that are base on true story. I watched two different movies such as â€Å"Stand and Deliver† and â€Å"The Color People,† that demonstrated the sociology perspectives that I have learned. The movies are good way to manifest learning and teach us how the world views characters in their movies and understand values. I learn there are†¦show more content†¦Stand and Deliver can even been seen as an example of functionalism, â€Å"a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its member in opposition to the broador culture†( ). Also in the film women of the Hispanic race are portrayed to drop out of school because in the Hispanic culture woman are expected to stay home, be homemaker and care for the children. Parents also are a factor in Hispanic culture that they question are motives to have an education. That men didn’t like women that are smarter and of course independent. This factors are betray in the movie, and also in real life is the Hispanic culture. Through out the movie you see difficulties that the students are trying to finally fit to be part of the system but they still may not be accepted because of their classes. With low achieving school, have a suspicious amount of high test scores the reliability and dependability are questioned. Conflict theory is used that the struggle in society and schools between the haves and have nots. For example, not funding for computer, not having computers, no air conditioning for summer and less opportunities for students in ge neral. The school is portrayed as a place where students do not want to be or care about being in school. The staff don’t care about the students especially they gave up on them. There is a quote that I got from the movie, that Mr. Escalante was asking the math department for calculusShow MoreRelatedSociology : Social Relationship, Development And Function Of Human Society986 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the study of social relationship, development and function of human society. Throughout the course of sociology you can lean many things about your society and even your self. Sociology will change the way you look at life and might be able to reflect on future designs or ideas. When enrolling in sociology you will be able to have a set of skills to see sociology, have the knowledge of sociology, and have values of sociology. By having skills, knowledge, and values you will be able understandRead MoreSociology in Everyday Life Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesSociology i n Every Life One central and important study of sociology is the study of everyday social life. Everyday life and sociology are definitely two distinct terms and situations, but they hold a close relationship. While sociology studies human interaction, everyday life consists of everyday human interaction. Everyday life is filled by human beings interacting with one another, institutions, ideas, and emotions. Sociology studies the interactions with all of these and shows how mere interactionRead MoreMy Calling1181 Words   |  5 Pagesothers has lead me into an education concentrating on Human Services, Psychology, and Criminal Justice. When I started attending school, I hadn’t narrowed down what field I really wanted to focus on. The following two tables will show what classes I have taken as required for core classes as well as major specific classes. I have highlighted, in yellow, the top five most influential classes that have inspired me in one way or another. CORE CLASSES Lecture Project Discussion Field Work ExperimentationRead MoreSociological Reflection1052 Words   |  5 Pagesthe beginning of the semester, I knew very little about sociology or even what it was about. I just knew I needed to take the class for my degree plan to transfer to a four-year university and that I would be doing a lot of reading about different terms and theories of society. However, this first month of class has helped me improve my understanding of what sociology is about and shown me how my personal society has impacted the way I view society. 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Not only with black people also immigrants, until we don’t apply what Martin Luther King said in his speech at the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1 963 he said, â€Å"When we let freedomRead MoreMy Sage Process, And The Lgbt Community, Mental Health Issues, Treatment Options1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthe main interactions that I have had with elders have been with my grandparents. When thinking about it, I still have had limited interactions with elders as of recently because I have not been talking to my grandparents as often as I should. Through taking this course, I have kept my grandparents in the back of my mind as learning the different aspects of things that elders encounter on a daily basis. The readings, guest speakers, class discussions, and lectures have helped me to accumulate theRead MoreThe World s Population No Matter1408 Words   |  6 Pageswhat the other person is thinking. 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As a person part of the minority, being a first-generation college student, having faced financial situations, and dealing with people who believe I will not succeed gives me motivation to finishRead MoreGender Socialization1694 Words   |  7 PagesGender Socialization Sociology 100 Before a newborn child takes his or her first breath of life outside the mother s womb, he or she is distinguishable and characterized by gender. A baby is born and the doctor looks at the proud parents or parent and says three simple words: Its a boy, or Its a girl The baby is brought home and dressed in clothes that help friends, family and even strangers identify the sex of the child. Baby boys are dressed in blue and baby girls are dressed in

Types Of Databases By Kazi Rashid Number - 1443 Words

All you need to know: Types of Databases By Kazi Rashid number:RAS14002716 September 28 2014 This document contains all the information about the advantages and disadvantages of different database models. By Kazi Rashid 23/09/2014 Unit 21 Data Analysis and Design All about Databases Databases, we use them most of the time in our lives from organising files to storing music on our computers. What are databases? Databases are an organised way of storing data. Before computers many databases were stored in paper folders. The disadvantage of this was that searching for files was very time consuming. Now that we have computers life has become much easier for people. We are able to store lots of data through software, allowing people to†¦show more content†¦A simple way to show the uses of flat file databases are using spread sheets. Looking at the table above the rows contain particular information about the person and the columns contain the different categories, this is known as the field. What are the benefits of Flat file databases? The main benefits of using a flat file data base is that they are easy to setup. This means that you don’t need expert knowledge on PCs to understand how to use them. They are also easy to understand as they have a simple design and layout. Users can access information from them simply when you have small amounts of data. What are the negative of using a flat file database? One of the main negatives about flat file databases are that data is often repeated as there is no referential integrity. Referential integrity means that there is a direct link of two different attributes in a database. This helps the computer understand that certain data does not need to be repeated continuously. Without this, to be able to change information about a particular person or item, then you have to update each entry you have made about the item. This can also be very time consuming. Another negative about flat file databases is that you can make errors that can cause many problems with finding information. Looking at the example below, this table shows the number of purchases a single customer has

Autism Is A Mental Condition - 809 Words

Paige Ford Mr. D’Angelo English 12, period 5 31 October 2015 Autism affects every 1 in 68 children in America, autism is a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. What causes autism? A short while ago, the answer to this question would have been â€Å"we have no clue.† Research is now bringing us the answers. First, we now know that there is no one cause of autism just as there is no one type of autism. In the last five years, scientists have identified a number of rare gene changes, or mutations, associated with autism. There has been more than a hundred autism risk genes identified. In around 15 percent of cases, a specific genetic cause of a person’s autism can be identified. In the presence of a genetic bias to autism, a number of nongenetic, or environmental, influence further increase a child’s risk. The coherent evidence of these environmental risk factors includes events bef ore and during birth. They include progressive parental age at time of conception, maternal illness during pregnancy, extreme prematurity and highly low birth weight and certain difficulties during birth, especially those involving periods of oxygen deprivation to the baby’s brain. Mothers threatened by high levels of pesticides and air pollution could also be at higher risk of having a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A small but growing body of researchShow MoreRelatedAutism Is A Mental Condition Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of Autism is a mental condition, resent from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. Autism is not classified as a disease, it is a mental condition. 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Production Roles in Performing Arts Research Essay Example For Students

Production Roles in Performing Arts Research Essay Production Roles in the Performing Arts Industry Artistic Director Roles and Responsibilities: Artistic_ Directors are mainly responsible for creating, developing and employing the artistic vision of the production company. They are also inconceivably involved in the development of making the production more aesthetically pleasing, often consulting with the Chief Administrative Officer. Sometimes these two roles are combined into one. Other responsibilities include: hiring, and constantly checking on and helping other artistic members Of the crew, e. . The Stage manager and performers; ring and constantly helping technical directors, and other important people involved in the performance; developing an annual budget for the program: acting as a spokesperson during public appearances and/or fundraising events; directing some productions; reporting progress to the Board Of Directors regularly; helping make sure that rules are maintained; and creating relationships with other organizati ons, by participating in meetings and gatherings when suitable. Employment: Usually, artistic directors are employed on a long term basis for a specific production company, although sometimes they will be brought in to a specific reference, as they may be experienced in a certain field. Artistic directors tort ballet companies are often retired dancers, unlike artistic directors in general theatre, who will usually not be experienced in performing. These directors are employed in: film and video businesses; TV; and generic theatres, Job opportunities in this field are quite poor, due to competition. Training/Qualifications: Although no specific training or qualification is required for this job, significant experience in this field, such as in choreography, directing plays, or script writing, s expected to become an artistic director. Useful subjects to have qualifications in include: English, Performing Arts, Film and Theatre Production, Classics, History, Music and Business Management. Some very useful personal skills include: creativity; imagination; influence; patience; focus; good at team leading; communication and people skills; persistence; culturally aware; able to make decisions, and cope under pressure. Salary: Salaries within this job vary extensively, due to deviations in levels of experience, however the average salary range is around Ell 750 Gouge p. Obviously, this means that some artistic directors feel the need to complete other jobs, to supplement their income, Which may be so low for such a hard job because Of the recession, which mean that not so many people go to theatres anymore. Stage Manager There are many responsibilities that Stage Managers are expected to fulfill. It is important that stage managers work with and closely support the directors, actors, and the rest of the production team in a professional manner throughout all of the rehearsal process. Required to record blocking, scheduling, technical ND set notes in an important document called The Book, this important job role is an additional means of communication between actors and directors, also enabling directors to have a less stressful time trying to do too many things at once, Other responsibilities include: scheduling and helping to run rehearsals; coordinating the stage crew; helping organize and cue performers during the performance; overseeing the performance when performed (taking over the directing position); marking out the floor, appropriate to the stage; helping in technical rehearsals; notify other members of changes in meetings; keeping n eye on props organization; calling for breaks and efficiently managing time; planning for set changes; arranging basic catering and Of absolute paramount importance, caring for the cast. Stage managers can be employed in all theatre companies in the LIKE, whether they be touring or commercial. Jobs can be found in fringe the atres, educational theatres, and even prison theatres! In addition, since stage managing is usually a seasonal job, some travel to festivals and theme parks to look for work, in the times of the year when they dont have a steady income. Most employment for tag management is done through personal contact, not agencies you have to send off your application to a company yourself. To become a stage manager, you dont need any specific degree, but one in performing arts, music, or theatre studies improves your chance of employment. Even better is a degree which is recognized by the National Council for Drama Training, and some drama school offer specific courses, e. G. A qualification in *Technical Theatre. A post-graduate qualification will also help further employment chances. Langston Huges EssayThe director, to make such a performance happen, need to: interpret the script well, so they know how they Will portray the playwrights intentions; go through the script and pick out any significant psychological or physical aspects of characters, and then cast accordingly to these requirements: plan rehearsals and company meetings; and act as a guiding light for the actors in their preparation for the performance, and during rehearsals. However, arguably the most important aspect of a directors job is working tit and communicating effectively with all of the designers, whether that be costume, set, lighting, or sound. Directors are expected to have initial meetings with all of these designers, in order to discuss the creativity needed to produce an effective piece to art. Tater details theses technicalities have been discussed, it is expected of directors that they work and support actors, showing good communication and understanding towards contributions perfo rmers may have themselves. Motivations and deeper character developments are what directors strive to construct. When rehearsals are over, the directors job is completed. Directors have many opportunities to favor in different theatres around the country, and London is a good choice for freelance directors. This includes both receiving and producing theatres. There are also job opportunities in less familiar settings, much like for Stage managers, in places such as prisons, community theatres, and much more common nowadays, in festivals, such as the Edinburgh Fringe, and Where our unit 2 performance Will be, venue-wise. Directors are usually selected through word-of-mouth. Much like in other Performing Arts jobs, it is not required to have any specific lubrication in anything, although it does help if a relevant course has been undertaken, and if experience in any Performing Arts event is illustrated. Some useful qualification subjects are: English, Music, Performing Arts, Media Studies and History. Training is not needed either, but it is very useful to have experience in: journalism; research; administration; accountancy; marketing management; editing; and camera operation. Average salaries for directors range from IEEE El 300 per week. However, some directors are self-employed and therefore pay themselves very little to reduce costs. Marketing Manager There are many different responsibilities that a marketing team have to realism for a performance. Therefore, some roles may be distributed between many different people, e. G. Nee person may be placed as an actual publicist, and another as a marketing manager. The responsibilities of the whole team a re as follows: conduct effective market research into the intended audience, which should help shape the artistic vision of the performance and influence the themes and plot utilized as part of the performance; create/edit newsletters, articles on websites, or brochures on upcoming events and performances; become a spokesperson/ plan towards/ organize interviews for the company, publicity wise; help to develop future company plans; understand how to effectively communicate with the target audience; identify key media problems for the company, and respond to them (e. G. Rate a website); keep all staff up to date faith important news; arrange interviews about the company, rather than the a specific production, vivid TV, radio, or magazines; design and distribute advertisements; and co-operate with reviewers. Marketing managers are employed in all sectors in the ASK, including Performing Arts, and so they are employed in venues such as theatres and cinemas, but they are mainly clustere d around major cities such as London and Birmingham, making job competition very intense. There is no straight path to being employed, however some theatre marketing managers often progress into their role after several years of other marketing experience, effete have a passion for and/or qualifications in Performing Arts.