Types Of Databases By Kazi Rashid Number - 1443 Words

All you need to know: Types of Databases By Kazi Rashid number:RAS14002716 September 28 2014 This document contains all the information about the advantages and disadvantages of different database models. By Kazi Rashid 23/09/2014 Unit 21 Data Analysis and Design All about Databases Databases, we use them most of the time in our lives from organising files to storing music on our computers. What are databases? Databases are an organised way of storing data. Before computers many databases were stored in paper folders. The disadvantage of this was that searching for files was very time consuming. Now that we have computers life has become much easier for people. We are able to store lots of data through software, allowing people to†¦show more content†¦A simple way to show the uses of flat file databases are using spread sheets. Looking at the table above the rows contain particular information about the person and the columns contain the different categories, this is known as the field. What are the benefits of Flat file databases? The main benefits of using a flat file data base is that they are easy to setup. This means that you don’t need expert knowledge on PCs to understand how to use them. They are also easy to understand as they have a simple design and layout. Users can access information from them simply when you have small amounts of data. What are the negative of using a flat file database? One of the main negatives about flat file databases are that data is often repeated as there is no referential integrity. Referential integrity means that there is a direct link of two different attributes in a database. This helps the computer understand that certain data does not need to be repeated continuously. Without this, to be able to change information about a particular person or item, then you have to update each entry you have made about the item. This can also be very time consuming. Another negative about flat file databases is that you can make errors that can cause many problems with finding information. Looking at the example below, this table shows the number of purchases a single customer has

Autism Is A Mental Condition - 809 Words

Paige Ford Mr. D’Angelo English 12, period 5 31 October 2015 Autism affects every 1 in 68 children in America, autism is a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. What causes autism? A short while ago, the answer to this question would have been â€Å"we have no clue.† Research is now bringing us the answers. First, we now know that there is no one cause of autism just as there is no one type of autism. In the last five years, scientists have identified a number of rare gene changes, or mutations, associated with autism. There has been more than a hundred autism risk genes identified. In around 15 percent of cases, a specific genetic cause of a person’s autism can be identified. In the presence of a genetic bias to autism, a number of nongenetic, or environmental, influence further increase a child’s risk. The coherent evidence of these environmental risk factors includes events bef ore and during birth. They include progressive parental age at time of conception, maternal illness during pregnancy, extreme prematurity and highly low birth weight and certain difficulties during birth, especially those involving periods of oxygen deprivation to the baby’s brain. Mothers threatened by high levels of pesticides and air pollution could also be at higher risk of having a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A small but growing body of researchShow MoreRelatedAutism Is A Mental Condition Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of Autism is a mental condition, resent from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts. Autism is not classified as a disease, it is a mental condition. Some symptoms might be poor eye contact, compulsive and repetitive behaviors, repetitive movements, unaware of others emotions, depression, anxiety, change in voice, and obse ssive interests. Autism makes it hard for a personRead MoreAutism Is A Matter Of Passionate National Debate1197 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ In the past two decades or so, autism has changed from being a condition nobody had even heard about to widely recognized mental health condition. Due to widespread use of internet, social media and smartphones everybody knows something about autism. Just searching for autism in Google brings up more than 68 million results. Autism has become a matter of passionate national debate among different stake holders such as government, public health agencies, mental health associations, non-profit organizationsRead MoreAutism Is A Mental Imbalance A Provideentitled, Extremely1432 Words   |  6 PagesAutism is a mental imbalance a provide Entitled, extremely introverted Disturbances of Affective Contact this fundamental state turned into the construct for all review with respect to what came to be known as Autism. It is a turmoil described by shor tfalls in three noteworthy regions of conduct  ¬ social, informative and the show of monotonous or limited practices. Autism records the fundamental components as the nearness of extraordinarily irregular or hindered advancement in social associationRead MoreAutism And Its Effects On Children1228 Words   |  5 Pagesanyone that you know has autism or that have been diagnosed with autism? Many people have this throughout the world, but some people don’t know what they can do about autism because the question is what can they do to help them? How can they help them? Today, rates of autism found in children have increased over the past few decades. However, doctors and scientists do not know what the causes of this mental illness are? Some common assumptions that are considered causes of autism are found through geneticsRead MoreThe Etiology Of Parental Psychiatric Conditions Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders883 Words   |  4 Pagessynthesize and analyze journal a rticles related to the etiology of parental psychiatric conditions of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the development of psychiatric conditions after diagnosis; and how the two are interrelated and cyclical. Parents of children with ASD encounter a variety of unexpected- emotional, physiological, and financial challenges in their lifetime. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders often have â€Å"elevated levels of depressive symptoms and psychologicalRead MoreThe Increasing Prevalence in Autism Spectrum Disorders1155 Words   |  5 Pages Autism is a mental condition that can occur in children from birth but is diagnosed in early infancy or early childhood. It is a complex neurobiological disorder that typically lasts throughout the lifetime of a person. It can be considered as a spectrum of disorders characterized by severe developmental deficiencies that can affect socialization, communication, emotional development and can cause repetitive or unusual behaviors. The ranges of the symptoms are mild to severe. There is a milder formRead MoreVirtual Psychiatrist Essay911 Words   |  4 Pageslikely health conditions. Now, new research adds autism to that list, and that opens the door to all sorts of diagnostic medtech for neurological conditions. In India, where there is a very significant psychiatrist shortage, medtech that enhances diagnoses for mental illness is incredibly valuable. India’s psychiatrist shortage means that mental illness often goes undiagnosed in rural areas, and patients, therefore, are less likely to get the right treatment for their conditions. A so-called â€Å"virtualRead MoreEducating Special Needs Students: I.E. Autism and Other Severe Disabilities1480 Words   |  6 PagesEducating Special Needs Students: I.e. Autism and other Severe Disabilities Timothy E. Jackson SPE -226 Educating the Exceptional Learner February 23, 2011 Professor Rebekah McCarthy This essay is entitled Educating Special Needs Students, the author will discuss and several important issues, which will be the following; the defining of Mental Retardation a term the author despises, Autism, Severe Disabilities and Multiple Disabilities, also their causes, and the impact of these disabilitiesRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION What Is Autism? What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that joins cripplings in social association and developmental vernacular and social capacities combined with unbendable, excess practices. Because of the extent of signs, this condition is right now called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It covers an unlimited scope of signs, capacities, and levels of the prevention. ASD keeps running in reality from a handicapped person that to some degreeRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )885 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects a group of complex disorders of brain development. Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interactions, social communication and an unusually restricted range of behaviors and interest (David R. Simmons, 2009). It seems that autism is a new condition because most of research about this condition has occurred since the 1980. However, Autism has been around for a much longer time than that, people

Production Roles in Performing Arts Research Essay Example For Students

Production Roles in Performing Arts Research Essay Production Roles in the Performing Arts Industry Artistic Director Roles and Responsibilities: Artistic_ Directors are mainly responsible for creating, developing and employing the artistic vision of the production company. They are also inconceivably involved in the development of making the production more aesthetically pleasing, often consulting with the Chief Administrative Officer. Sometimes these two roles are combined into one. Other responsibilities include: hiring, and constantly checking on and helping other artistic members Of the crew, e. . The Stage manager and performers; ring and constantly helping technical directors, and other important people involved in the performance; developing an annual budget for the program: acting as a spokesperson during public appearances and/or fundraising events; directing some productions; reporting progress to the Board Of Directors regularly; helping make sure that rules are maintained; and creating relationships with other organizati ons, by participating in meetings and gatherings when suitable. Employment: Usually, artistic directors are employed on a long term basis for a specific production company, although sometimes they will be brought in to a specific reference, as they may be experienced in a certain field. Artistic directors tort ballet companies are often retired dancers, unlike artistic directors in general theatre, who will usually not be experienced in performing. These directors are employed in: film and video businesses; TV; and generic theatres, Job opportunities in this field are quite poor, due to competition. Training/Qualifications: Although no specific training or qualification is required for this job, significant experience in this field, such as in choreography, directing plays, or script writing, s expected to become an artistic director. Useful subjects to have qualifications in include: English, Performing Arts, Film and Theatre Production, Classics, History, Music and Business Management. Some very useful personal skills include: creativity; imagination; influence; patience; focus; good at team leading; communication and people skills; persistence; culturally aware; able to make decisions, and cope under pressure. Salary: Salaries within this job vary extensively, due to deviations in levels of experience, however the average salary range is around Ell 750 Gouge p. Obviously, this means that some artistic directors feel the need to complete other jobs, to supplement their income, Which may be so low for such a hard job because Of the recession, which mean that not so many people go to theatres anymore. Stage Manager There are many responsibilities that Stage Managers are expected to fulfill. It is important that stage managers work with and closely support the directors, actors, and the rest of the production team in a professional manner throughout all of the rehearsal process. Required to record blocking, scheduling, technical ND set notes in an important document called The Book, this important job role is an additional means of communication between actors and directors, also enabling directors to have a less stressful time trying to do too many things at once, Other responsibilities include: scheduling and helping to run rehearsals; coordinating the stage crew; helping organize and cue performers during the performance; overseeing the performance when performed (taking over the directing position); marking out the floor, appropriate to the stage; helping in technical rehearsals; notify other members of changes in meetings; keeping n eye on props organization; calling for breaks and efficiently managing time; planning for set changes; arranging basic catering and Of absolute paramount importance, caring for the cast. Stage managers can be employed in all theatre companies in the LIKE, whether they be touring or commercial. Jobs can be found in fringe the atres, educational theatres, and even prison theatres! In addition, since stage managing is usually a seasonal job, some travel to festivals and theme parks to look for work, in the times of the year when they dont have a steady income. Most employment for tag management is done through personal contact, not agencies you have to send off your application to a company yourself. To become a stage manager, you dont need any specific degree, but one in performing arts, music, or theatre studies improves your chance of employment. Even better is a degree which is recognized by the National Council for Drama Training, and some drama school offer specific courses, e. G. A qualification in *Technical Theatre. A post-graduate qualification will also help further employment chances. Langston Huges EssayThe director, to make such a performance happen, need to: interpret the script well, so they know how they Will portray the playwrights intentions; go through the script and pick out any significant psychological or physical aspects of characters, and then cast accordingly to these requirements: plan rehearsals and company meetings; and act as a guiding light for the actors in their preparation for the performance, and during rehearsals. However, arguably the most important aspect of a directors job is working tit and communicating effectively with all of the designers, whether that be costume, set, lighting, or sound. Directors are expected to have initial meetings with all of these designers, in order to discuss the creativity needed to produce an effective piece to art. Tater details theses technicalities have been discussed, it is expected of directors that they work and support actors, showing good communication and understanding towards contributions perfo rmers may have themselves. Motivations and deeper character developments are what directors strive to construct. When rehearsals are over, the directors job is completed. Directors have many opportunities to favor in different theatres around the country, and London is a good choice for freelance directors. This includes both receiving and producing theatres. There are also job opportunities in less familiar settings, much like for Stage managers, in places such as prisons, community theatres, and much more common nowadays, in festivals, such as the Edinburgh Fringe, and Where our unit 2 performance Will be, venue-wise. Directors are usually selected through word-of-mouth. Much like in other Performing Arts jobs, it is not required to have any specific lubrication in anything, although it does help if a relevant course has been undertaken, and if experience in any Performing Arts event is illustrated. Some useful qualification subjects are: English, Music, Performing Arts, Media Studies and History. Training is not needed either, but it is very useful to have experience in: journalism; research; administration; accountancy; marketing management; editing; and camera operation. Average salaries for directors range from IEEE El 300 per week. However, some directors are self-employed and therefore pay themselves very little to reduce costs. Marketing Manager There are many different responsibilities that a marketing team have to realism for a performance. Therefore, some roles may be distributed between many different people, e. G. Nee person may be placed as an actual publicist, and another as a marketing manager. The responsibilities of the whole team a re as follows: conduct effective market research into the intended audience, which should help shape the artistic vision of the performance and influence the themes and plot utilized as part of the performance; create/edit newsletters, articles on websites, or brochures on upcoming events and performances; become a spokesperson/ plan towards/ organize interviews for the company, publicity wise; help to develop future company plans; understand how to effectively communicate with the target audience; identify key media problems for the company, and respond to them (e. G. Rate a website); keep all staff up to date faith important news; arrange interviews about the company, rather than the a specific production, vivid TV, radio, or magazines; design and distribute advertisements; and co-operate with reviewers. Marketing managers are employed in all sectors in the ASK, including Performing Arts, and so they are employed in venues such as theatres and cinemas, but they are mainly clustere d around major cities such as London and Birmingham, making job competition very intense. There is no straight path to being employed, however some theatre marketing managers often progress into their role after several years of other marketing experience, effete have a passion for and/or qualifications in Performing Arts.

Roswell Cinematic Essay Example For Students

Roswell Cinematic Essay Brazels ranch was from an Army Air Force balloon. The new reportstates many new explanations. It says that witnesses are mistaken about when the events they sawoccurred, and they also are seriously mistaken about details of the events. The report also states: Witnesses areconflating together, several events that occurred at different times, into a single event, and in every instance, the events thewitnesses saw were normal Air Force activities. Surprisingly, the Air Force has never produced a weatherballoon that matches witness accounts(Rodeghier). According to CUFOS analysts, the report isclumsily padded to make it appear lengthy and impressive(Rodeghier) Large fonts, wide margins, as well as irrelevantphotos were also used. The new report also never mentioned or made any effort to interview witnesses that arestill-living(Rodeghier). The Center for U.F.O. Studies(CUFOS) found several flaws and problems with the new report. The Air Force considers a man named Gerald Anderson to be a credible and honest witness, who is simplymistaken about places, dates, and details. The CUFOS says that there are no Roswell researchers that believe GeraldAnderson to be a credible witness. He falsified phone records and a diary to support his claims(Rodeghier). The Air Force also ignored the testimony of credible witnesses. A man named Frank Kaufman was involved with therecovery of the crashed object. Written notes, belonging to Kaufman, were given to the Air Force before thereport was issued. Nothing pertaining to Kaufman or his notes appeared in the report(Rodeghier). The Air Forceclaims that the wreckage was a type of test balloon with life-like dummies inside(Rodeghier) Key witnesses cannotbe placed at any balloon recoveries(Rodeghier). The report appears to depend on the UFOwitnesses having actually viewed balloon and dummy recoveries. According to CUFOS response to the Air Forcereport, No witness involved in Roswell can be placed at any recovery. There is another problem e The Truth is OutThere, Somewhere: Roswell, New Mexico Fifty years ago, in an isolated section of the southwestern desert of NewMexico, an incident occurred that has yet to be fully explained. It is referred to as the Roswell Incident. Others referto it as Cosmic Wat ergate. Several people believe that it was a UFO,(unidentified flying object) containingaliens, that crashed and was recovered by the government. Others believe that there is no supportive evidence toback this theory. The government has released reports and determined the case to be closed. But, the factsshow, life on other planets does exist. In early July of 1947, the incident began with several reports of a glowing objectin the sky about 9:50P.M. during a large storm. The next morning, it was evident that something had crashed intothe land tended by rancher, W.W. Mac Brazel(UFO Phenomenon 39). The strange debris was found scatteredover a large portion of his ranch. It consisted of a tinfoil-like substance, strands of wire, small metallic rods coveredwith indecipherable writing, and pieces of parchment-like paper(UFO: Enigma 63). Mac collected a few scrapsand carried them to the local sheriff, George Wilcox(Jeffrey). He was baffled at what he saw and contactedthe Roswell Army Air Field, home of the worlds only atomic attack unit(UFO: Enigma 63). Colonel WilliamBlanchard, commander of the 509th Bomb Group, ordered Major Jesse A. Marcel to investigate the matter. He wasthe groups intelligence officer. An entire day was spent at Brazels ranch. The material was surveyed and thenloaded into two vehicles. Reports say that the material was then transferred onto a B-29 and flown to Carswell AirForce Base in Fort Worth, Texas(UFO: Enigma). Several tests were conducted on the debris. Shortly beforeMarcels death in 1978, he confessed and told researchers that the material was nothing made on earth(UFO: Enigma63). He told them of tests that were conducted. It turns out that the material could not be dented with a16-pound sledgehammer, nor burned with a blowtorch. During Marcels interview, he also stated that the material wasno thicker than the tinfoil in a pack of cigarettes(UFO: Enigma 63). Around the same time as Brazelsdiscovery, Grady L. Barnett, who was more than 1 00 miles away from Roswell, came across what appeared to be aportion of a flying disc'(UFO: Enigma 63). According to Barnett, four small dead bodies lay beside it. They had fraillimbs, and disproportionately large heads with big slanted eyes(UFO: Enigma). Barnett also says that he found

Olympic

Definition and Examples of Language Contact

Definition and Examples of Language Contact Definition Language contact is the social and linguistic phenomenon by which speakers of different languages (or different dialects of the same language) interact with one another, leading to a transfer of linguistic features. Language contact is a major factor in language change, notes Stephan Gramley. Contact with other languages and other dialectal varieties of one language is a source of alternative pronunciations, grammatical structures, and vocabulary (The History of English: An Introduction, 2012). Prolonged language contact generally leads to bilingualism or multilingualism. Uriel Weinreich (Languages in Contact, 1953) and Einar  Haugen (The Norwegian Language in America, 1953) are  commonly regarded as the pioneers of language-contact studies. A particularly influential later study is  Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics by  Sarah Grey Thomason  and  Terrence Kaufman (University of California Press, 1988). Examples and Observations [W]hat counts as language contact? The mere juxtaposition of two speakers of different languages, or two texts in different languages, is too trivial to count: unless the speakers or the texts interact in some way, there can be no transfer of linguistic features in either direction. Only when there is some interaction does the possibility of a contact explanation for synchronic variation or diachronic change arise. Throughout human history, most language contacts have been face to face, and most often the people involved have a nontrivial degree of fluency in both languages. There are other possibilities, especially in the modern world with novel means of worldwide travel and mass communication: many contacts now occur through written language only. . . . [L]anguage contact is the norm, not the exception. We would have a right to be astonished if we found any language whose speakers had successfully avoided contacts with all other languages for periods longer than one or two hundred years. (Sarah Thomason, Contact Explanations in Linguistics.  The Handbook of Language Contact, ed. by  Raymond Hickey. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Minimally, in order to have something that we would recognize as language contact, people must learn at least some part of two or more distinct linguistic codes. And, in practice, language contact is really only acknowledged when one code becomes more similar to another code as a result of that interaction. (Danny Law,  Language Contact, Inherited Similarity and Social Difference. John Benjamins, 2014)   Different Types of Language-Contact Situations Language contact is not, of course, a homogeneous phenomenon. Contact may occur between languages which are genetically related or unrelated, speakers may have similar or vastly different social structures, and patterns of multilingualism may also vary greatly. In some cases the entire community speaks more than one variety, while in other cases only a subset of the population is multilingual. Lingualism and lectalism may vary by age, by ethnicity, by gender, by social class, by education level, or by one or more of a number of other factors. In some communities there are few constraints on the situations in which more than one language can be used, while in others there is heavy diglossia, and each language is confined to a particular type of social interaction. . . .   While there a great number of different language contact situations, a few come up frequently in areas where linguists do fieldwork. One is dialect contact, for example between standard varieties of a language and regional varieties (e.g., in France or the Arab world). . . . A further type of language contact involves exogamous communities where more than one language might be used within the community because its members come from different areas. . . .The converse of such communities where exogamy leads to multilingualism is an endoterogenous community which maintains its own language for the purpose of excluding outsiders. . . . Finally, fieldworkers particularly often work in endangered language communities where language shift is in progress.   (Claire Bowern, Fieldwork in Contact Situations.  The Handbook of Language Contact, ed. by  Raymond Hickey. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013)   The Study of Language Contact - Manifestations of language contact are  found in a great variety of domains, including language acquisition, language processing and production, conversation and discourse, social functions of language and language policy, typology and language change, and more. . . . [T]he study of language contact is of value toward an understanding of the inner functions and the inner structure of grammar and the language faculty itself. (Yaron Matras, Language Contact. Cambridge University Press, 2009) - A very naive view of language contact would probably hold that speakers take bundles of formal and functional properties, semiotic signs so to speak, from the relevant contact language and insert them into their own language. To be sure, this view is much too simplistic and not seriously maintained any longer. A probably more realistic view held in language contact research is that whatever kind of material is transferred in a situation of language contact, this material necessarily experiences some sort of modification through contact. (Peter Siemund, Language Contact: Constraints and Common Paths of Contact-Induced Language Change.  Language Contact and Contact Languages, ed. by  Peter Siemund and Noemi Kintana. John Benjamins, 2008) Language Contact and Grammatical Change [T]he transfer of grammatical meanings and structures across languages is regular, and . . . it is shaped by universal processes of grammatical change. Using data from a wide range of languages we . . . argue that this transfer is essentially in accordance with principles of grammaticalization, and that these principles are the same irrespective of whether or not language contact is involved, and of whether it concerns unilateral or multilateral transfer.. . . [W]hen embarking on the work leading to this book we were assuming that grammatical change taking place as a result of language contact is fundamentally different from purely language-internal change. With regard to replication, which is the central theme of the present work, this assumption turned out to be unfounded: there is no decisive difference between the two. Language contact can and frequently does trigger or influence the development of grammar in a number of ways; overall, however, the same kind of processes and directionality can be observed in both. Still, there is reason to assume that language contact in general and grammatical replication in particular may accelerate grammatical change . . .. (Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva,  Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge University Press, 2005) Old English and Old Norse Contact-induced grammaticalization is part of contact-induced grammatical change,and in the literature of the latter it has been repeatedly pointed out that language contact often brings about loss of grammatical categories. A frequent example given as illustration of this kind of situation involves Old English and Old Norse, whereby Old Norse was brought to the British Isles through the heavy settlement of Danish  Vikings in the Danelaw area during the 9th to 11th centuries. The result of this language contact is reflected in the linguistic system of Middle English, one of the characteristics of which is the absence of grammatical gender. In this particular language contact situation, there seems to have been an additional factor leading to the loss, namely, the genetic closeness andaccordinglythe urge to diminish the functional overload of speakers bilingual in Old English and Old Norse.   Thus a functional overload explanation  seems to be a plausible way to account for what we observe in Middle English, that is, after Old English and Old Norse had come into contact: gender assignment often diverged in Old English and Old Norse, which would have readily led to the elimination of it in order to avoid confusion and to lessen the strain of learning the other contrastive system. (Tania Kuteva and  Bernd Heine, An Integrative Model of Grammaticalization.   Grammatical Replication and Borrowability in Language Contact, ed. by  Bjà ¶rn Wiemer, Bernhard Wlchli, and Bjà ¶rn Hansen. Walter de Gruyter, 2012) Also  See AccommodationBorrowingContact LanguageHistorical LinguisticsKoineizationLanguage ChangeSociolinguistics

Comparing philosophy of nursing and education Essay

Comparing philosophy of nursing and education - Essay Example In any given community, education and nursing play a great role in promoting development. According to Carroll it means a certain kind of thinking or a certain kind of attitude to a certain problem (carrol, n.d). Edward reports that nursing philosophy is the assertiveness towards life and reality that circulates from individual nurses (Edward, 1997). For individuals to develop a certain philosophy of nursing one must consider the abilities to which a nurse obligates her heart and soul to. The main purpose of this article is to compare and contrast the philosophical statement of Richmond medical facility and that of Virginia Common wealth Medical College. The mission of Virginia Common wealth Medical College of Virginia School of Nursing Philosophy (V CU) is to improve health and the general human state. This shall be achieved through conducting nursing study under proper administrative leadership. The institution will provide aim to provide nursing education that will translate to quality nursing services. Thus in order to achieve all these, the facility has to maintain its excellence in education through preparing future scholars for nursing and health care services. The institution seeks to be essential in the change and growth needed in clinical research countrywide. Through caring out these practices it thus provides services that are beneficial to the community and also credit the profession. The facility will provide its expertise and novelty for best practices in education and practice so as to be a national model for clinical scholarship (Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013). They facility educates nurses so as to improve the services offered by the nurses for the benefit of the patient. However VA provides direction on what qualified nurses need to practice when caring for the veterans. They issue leadership on the therapeutic nursing role on care of patient.    On the other hand the mission of Veteran Affairs (VA) is to provide direction on all the issues related to nursing practice. The institution provides the much needed guidance in medical programs and in the various care delivery sites that impact the veterans. The facility has been obliged to fulfill the president Lincolns promise â€Å"To care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan†( Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address, 1865, p.1). the facility will do this by serving the men and women who are America`s veterans. The main difference between these two institutions is that VCU seeks to impact knowledge on scholars especially nurses so that they can be able to practice in future. In that they provide edu cation to the students who have no experience and also impact skills in them. The VCU since its birth in 1968, like the other facilities it wants to a firm its ground as a leading university among the nation’s pre-eminent public university. To achieve these levels the university has continually encouraged research. It has gone to the extent of giving back to the community by the students providing health care to its neighbor’s. This has improved the access to health care to the most vulnerable and underserved population. VCU next major step is to look for peculiarity as a public university centered on students triumph. It aims to do this bearing in mind that there are scarce resources and increasing call of accountability and demonstrable value for higher education (VCU, School of nursing 2013). Contrary, to the statements above VA is a diverse group of compassionate professionals whose main focus are veterans who served America. They ensure that the needs of the entir e veteran population are represented, this involves putting resources where veterans are and where resources are most needed (United States of Veteran Affairs, 2013). According to "United States Department of Veterans Affairs" (2013) there are some core values that guide the nurses as they practice. They are supposed to maintain